Terms

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AI Terminology Cheat Sheet

Life: Process that can retain its complexity and replicate.
Life 1.0: Life that evolves its hardware and software (biological stage).
Life 2.0: Life that evolves its hardware but designs much of its software (cultural stage).
Life 3.0: Life that designs its hardware and software (technological stage).

Intelligence: Ability to accomplish complex goals.
Artificial Intelligence (AI): Non-biological intelligence.
Narrow intelligence: Ability to accomplish a narrow set of goals, e.g., play chess or drive a car.
General intelligence: Ability to accomplish virtually any goal, including learning.
Universal intelligence: Ability to acquire general intelligence given access to data and resources.
[Human-level] Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): Ability to accomplish any cognitive task at least as well as humans.
Human-level AI: AGI.
Strong AI: AGI.
Superintelligence: General intelligence far beyond human level.

Teleology: Explanation of things in terms of their goals or purposes rather than their causes.
Goal-oriented behavior: Behavior more easily explained via its effect than via its cause.
Having a goal: Exhibiting goal-oriented behavior.
Having purpose: Serving goals of one’s own or of another entity.
Friendly AI: Superintelligence whose goals are aligned with ours.
Cyborg: Human-machine hybrid.
Intelligence explosion: Recursive self-improvement rapidly leading to superintelligence.
Singularity: Intelligence explosion.

Universe: The region of space from which light has had time to reach us during the 13.8 billion years since our Big Bang.

Tegmark, M. (2017). Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence.